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Cultural Heritage

44 standards in this subject area

Analyzed Layout and Text Object

(ALTO)

Encodes the physical layout and recognized text of digitized document pages from OCR output.

Element Set / Metadata Schema active Library of Congress Est. 2004

Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition

(AACR2)

The cataloguing rulebook that defined how English-speaking libraries described their collections.

Element Set / Metadata Schema historical American Library Association / Canadian Library Association / CILIP Est. 1978

Art & Architecture Thesaurus

(AAT)

A multilingual thesaurus of over 55,000 concepts for art, architecture, and material culture.

Vocabulary / Thesaurus active Getty Research Institute Updated January 25, 2021

BIBFRAME (Bibliographic Framework Initiative)

(BIBFRAME)

A linked data vocabulary built around Work, Instance, and Item to replace MARC for library data.

Element Set / Metadata Schema active Library of Congress Updated February 25, 2026

Cataloging Cultural Objects

(CCO)

Rules and best practices for creating consistent, sharable descriptions of cultural works and images.

Element Set / Metadata Schema active Visual Resources Association Est. 2006

Categories for the Description of Works of Art

(CDWA)

A framework of 540 categories for describing works of art, architecture, and material culture.

Element Set / Metadata Schema active J. Paul Getty Trust Updated October 21, 2024

CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model

(CIDOC-CRM)

An ISO-standard ontology for integrating cultural heritage data across museums, libraries, and archives.

Conceptual Data Model / Framework active CIDOC CRM Special Interest Group (ICOM-CIDOC) Updated June 1, 2024

copyrightMD

An XML schema for encoding copyright status and rights information within digital library objects.

Element Set / Metadata Schema active California Digital Library Updated November 14, 2025

DCMI Abstract Model

(DCAM)

Defines the underlying information structures for all Dublin Core metadata descriptions.

Conceptual Data Model / Framework active Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Updated June 4, 2007

DCMI Metadata Terms

(DCT)

The full set of properties, classes, and encoding schemes maintained by the Dublin Core community.

Element Set / Metadata Schema active Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Updated January 20, 2020

DCMI Type Vocabulary

Twelve broad classes for categorizing the nature or genre of a resource, from Dataset to Text.

Encoding Scheme / Value Vocabulary active Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Updated January 20, 2020

Describing Archives: A Content Standard

(DACS)

Content rules for describing archival materials and authority records in the United States.

Element Set / Metadata Schema active Society of American Archivists Updated January 1, 2022

DPLA Metadata Application Profile

(DPLA MAP)

Normalizes metadata from thousands of US libraries, archives, and museums into one searchable model.

Application Profile active Digital Public Library of America Est. 2012

Dublin Core Collection Description Application Profile

(DC Collections AP)

A Dublin Core profile for describing collections of physical or digital resources at the aggregate level.

Application Profile draft Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Updated March 9, 2007

Dublin Core Metadata Element Set

(DCMES)

Fifteen core properties for describing any resource, from title and creator to date and format.

Element Set / Metadata Schema active Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Updated June 14, 2012

EBUCore

(EBUCore)

The European Broadcasting Union's metadata framework for audiovisual production and media archiving.

Element Set / Metadata Schema active European Broadcasting Union (EBU) Est. 2000

Encoded Archival Context for Corporate Bodies, Persons, and Families

(EAC-CPF)

Encodes archival authority records for the corporate bodies, persons, and families behind collections.

Element Set / Metadata Schema active Society of American Archivists / Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin Updated January 30, 2024

Europeana Data Model

(EDM)

Aggregates cultural heritage metadata from thousands of European institutions into a unified model.

Application Profile active Europeana Foundation Updated October 1, 2017

Extended Date/Time Format

(EDTF)

A syntax for expressing dates with uncertainty, approximation, and ranges beyond ISO 8601.

Technical Specification active Library of Congress Est. 2012

Extensible Metadata Platform

(XMP)

An ISO standard for embedding RDF-based metadata directly inside media files during content creation.

Technical Specification active Adobe Inc. Updated February 1, 2022

FISH Terminologies

(FISH)

A suite of over 20 thesauri for recording archaeological and built heritage in the British Isles.

Vocabulary / Thesaurus active Forum on Information Standards in Heritage Updated August 1, 2025

General International Standard Archival Description

(ISAD(G))

Provides 26 elements for multilevel archival description, from fonds down to individual items.

Element Set / Metadata Schema active International Council on Archives Updated January 1, 2000

Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names

(TGN)

Over 2.2 million place names with coordinates and hierarchies for cultural heritage cataloging.

Vocabulary / Thesaurus active J. Paul Getty Trust Updated March 7, 2017

Iconclass

A hierarchical classification of 28,000 subjects for indexing art and iconographic imagery.

Encoding Scheme / Value Vocabulary active RKD - Netherlands Institute for Art History Est. 1958

International Image Interoperability Framework

(IIIF)

Open APIs for delivering, annotating, and sharing high-quality digital images across institutions.

Technical Specification active IIIF Consortium Updated June 5, 2023