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Web & Linked Data

95 standards in this subject area

Activity Streams 2.0

(AS2)

A JSON-LD vocabulary for representing social activities, powering ActivityPub and the fediverse.

Conceptual Data Model / Framework active World Wide Web Consortium Updated May 23, 2017

ActivityPub

A W3C protocol for decentralized social networking, enabling server-to-server federation across the fediverse.

Technical Specification active World Wide Web Consortium Updated January 23, 2018

ANSI/NISO Z39.105-2023, Content Profile/Linked Document

(CP/LD)

Transforms scholarly content into self-describing, machine-actionable linked documents using HTML and JSON-LD.

Technical Specification active National Information Standards Organization Updated December 12, 2023

Asset Description Metadata Schema

(ADMS)

Describes reusable interoperability assets like schemas, code lists, and data models across borders.

Application Profile active European Commission / SEMIC Updated February 1, 2024

Atom Syndication Format

(Atom)

An XML-based web syndication format for publishing and consuming feeds of entries such as blog posts and news.

Exchange Format active IETF Updated December 1, 2005

BBC Ontologies

Fourteen interlinked RDF ontologies powering linked data across BBC Sport, News, Music, and more.

Ontology active BBC Est. 2012

BIBFRAME (Bibliographic Framework Initiative)

(BIBFRAME)

A linked data vocabulary built around Work, Instance, and Item to replace MARC for library data.

Element Set / Metadata Schema active Library of Congress Updated February 25, 2026

Bibliographic Ontology

(BIBO)

An OWL ontology for modeling citations, documents, and scholarly references on the Semantic Web.

Ontology active Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Updated November 4, 2009

C2PA Content Credentials

(C2PA)

Tamper-evident content credentials that certify the provenance and edit history of digital media.

Technical Specification active Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity Updated October 1, 2024

Citation Typing Ontology

(CiTO)

An ontology that captures the rhetorical and factual reasons one publication cites another.

Ontology active SPAR Ontologies Updated February 16, 2018

CodeMeta

A Schema.org-based vocabulary for describing research software across repositories and platforms.

Element Set / Metadata Schema active CodeMeta Community Est. 2016

Contextual Query Language

(CQL)

A human-readable query language for information retrieval systems, used with SRU and library search protocols.

Technical Specification active Library of Congress Est. 2004

Croissant Format Specification

A metadata format for describing, discovering, and programmatically loading machine learning datasets.

Technical Specification active MLCommons Updated March 1, 2024

CSV on the Web

(CSVW)

A W3C standard for annotating CSV files with datatypes, relationships, and conversion rules.

Technical Specification active World Wide Web Consortium Updated December 17, 2015

CycloneDX Bill of Materials Standard

(CycloneDX)

A full-stack bill of materials standard covering software, hardware, SaaS, AI, and cryptography.

Exchange Format active OWASP Foundation / Ecma International TC54 Updated April 9, 2024

Data Catalog Vocabulary

(DCAT)

A W3C vocabulary for describing datasets and data services in federated catalogs on the web.

Ontology active World Wide Web Consortium Updated August 22, 2024

Data Package

Lightweight JSON-based specifications for packaging, describing, and validating tabular datasets.

Technical Specification active Open Knowledge Foundation Updated June 26, 2024

Data Privacy Vocabulary

(DPV)

Provides structured concepts for describing personal data processing, privacy rights, and legal bases.

Ontology active W3C Data Privacy Vocabularies and Controls Community Group Updated February 25, 2026

Data Quality Vocabulary

(DQV)

Provides an RDF vocabulary for describing and assessing data quality dimensions, metrics, and certificates.

Ontology active World Wide Web Consortium Updated December 15, 2016

DBpedia Ontology

(DBO)

A cross-domain ontology derived from Wikipedia infoboxes, covering 768 classes and 3,000 properties.

Ontology active DBpedia Association Updated July 23, 2021

DC Tabular Application Profiles

(DC TAP)

Lets metadata designers define application profiles as simple CSV tables with shapes and constraints.

Technical Specification draft Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Updated April 23, 2021

DCAT Application Profile for Data Portals in Europe

(DCAT-AP)

A European application profile that standardizes dataset descriptions across government data portals.

Application Profile active European Commission / SEMIC Updated October 27, 2025

DCMI Abstract Model

(DCAM)

Defines the underlying information structures for all Dublin Core metadata descriptions.

Conceptual Data Model / Framework active Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Updated June 4, 2007

DCMI Metadata Terms

(DCT)

The full set of properties, classes, and encoding schemes maintained by the Dublin Core community.

Element Set / Metadata Schema active Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Updated January 20, 2020

DCMI Type Vocabulary

Twelve broad classes for categorizing the nature or genre of a resource, from Dataset to Text.

Encoding Scheme / Value Vocabulary active Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Updated January 20, 2020