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E-Commerce & Business

14 standards in this subject area

COUNTER Code of Practice

(COUNTER)

The international standard for measuring and comparing usage statistics of electronic resources.

Technical Specification active COUNTER Updated January 1, 2025

CycloneDX Bill of Materials Standard

(CycloneDX)

A full-stack bill of materials standard covering software, hardware, SaaS, AI, and cryptography.

Exchange Format active OWASP Foundation / Ecma International TC54 Updated April 9, 2024

DOI Kernel Metadata Declaration

The minimum metadata every Digital Object Identifier must carry, from referent type to agent roles.

Element Set / Metadata Schema active International DOI Foundation Updated July 15, 2020

Electronic Product Code Information Services

(EPCIS)

Captures what, where, when, and why as products move through supply chain business processes.

Exchange Format active GS1 Updated June 1, 2022

GoodRelations Ontology

(GR)

Describes products, services, prices, and business details as structured linked data for e-commerce on the web.

Ontology active Martin Hepp Updated October 1, 2011

indecs Framework

(indecs)

A foundational metadata framework for interoperability in digital content commerce and rights.

Conceptual Data Model / Framework historical International DOI Foundation Updated November 15, 2015

Industry Foundation Classes

(IFC)

An open data schema for exchanging building and construction models across platforms.

Conceptual Data Model / Framework active buildingSMART International Updated January 1, 2024

International Standard Book Number

(ISBN)

The universal numeric identifier for books and monographic publications worldwide since 1970.

Encoding Scheme / Value Vocabulary active International ISBN Agency Updated December 1, 2018

ONIX for Books

(ONIX)

The book industry's standard XML format for exchanging product metadata between publishers and retailers.

Exchange Format active EDItEUR Est. 2000

Open Digital Rights Language

(ODRL)

Expresses machine-readable policies for permissions, prohibitions, and obligations over digital content.

Ontology active World Wide Web Consortium Updated February 15, 2018

OpenAPI Specification

(OAS)

A language-agnostic specification for describing and documenting RESTful APIs with machine-readable definitions.

Technical Specification active OpenAPI Initiative / Linux Foundation Updated October 25, 2024

Publishing Requirements for Industry Standard Metadata

(PRISM)

Modular metadata vocabularies for syndicating and packaging published content across platforms and channels.

Element Set / Metadata Schema active Idealliance Updated September 10, 2020

Schema.org

The shared vocabulary used by major search engines to understand structured data on the web.

Ontology active Schema.org Community Group (W3C) Updated December 8, 2025

United Nations Standard Products and Services Code

(UNSPSC)

A hierarchical eight-digit coding system for classifying products and services in global procurement.

Encoding Scheme / Value Vocabulary active United Nations Development Programme Updated August 14, 2023